Income Protection plans come with, what is called, a “deferred period”. This is the length of time between becoming incapacitated and receiving the benefit. The longer the deferred period, the less the premium would be. You would generally set payments to start after any sick pay ends.
You are able to claim as many times as you need to within the policy term. If you go back to work but then “relapse” with the same condition, the deferred period would be waived.